If the judges order contains restrictions on firearms possession, the prohibited-possessor status continues.23 The act permits an individual who is a prohibited possessor to petition to the U.S. attorney general for relief. The Bersa Thunder 380 CC doesn't have a laundry list of high-tech features, but at an average going rate of approximately $300, anyone on a budget but serious about concealing and carrying a firearm should consider the Bersa Thunder 380 CC. Leadership Spotlight: Have We Lost Civility? %PDF-1.4
%
I've been thinking about this position lately in regards to salary/location and I was wondering if you all could tell me whether I'm missing something. One time, when visiting the Gateway Arch, I told the security guard I was carrying off duty. The Court stated, but that relationship, while it must be established, need not be denominated as an element of the predicate offense.27. For example, a qualified off-duty officer is allowed to carry a concealed weapon in a public area but must follow the regulations imposed at federal buildings, schools, airports, etc. The Court also emphasized that the Second Amendment protects only a legitimate reserve militia meant to serve the states and the federal government. Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Wyoming, and Vermont allow on and off-duty out-of-state officers to carry concealed weapons. To require the predicate offense to be a crime that specifically included the domestic relationship as an element to the underlying crime would have limited the reach of the statute. However, LEOSA will stand as a defense at a hearing as to the legality of the arrest if the arrestee is, in fact, a qualified officer with the requisite identification. Federal Limitations on Carrying in Certain Locations. The parking lot of the Takoma Overlook Condominiums, where an off-duty Pentagon police officer fatally shot two people he suspected were breaking into a car on April 8, 2021. The U.S. Congress has determined that in a post-9/11 world, the public is better served when off-duty officers are in a position to effectively respond in the face of a threat. The new rule allows active duty military police, criminal investigators, and Marine Corps law enforcement program police officers to conceal carry personally owned weapons while on base while off . Leadership Spotlight: How Do We Lead from Here? To this end, the Law Enforcement officers Safety Act of 2004 (LEOSA) allows officers to carry concealed weapons not only in their jurisdictions but in all 50 states, and the territories of the United States, provided certain conditions are met.1 This article will explore LEOSA, address federal statutory limitations regarding firearms possession, and summarize a short legal history of the Second Amendment concerning the right to bear arms.2, The Second Amendment to the Bill of Rights was ratified on December 15, 1791. Leadership Spotlight: Leading with the Pen - The Handwritten Note, Leadership Spotlight: Leading Through Tragedy, Officer Wellness Spotlight: Police Chaplains - An Integral Part of Law Enforcement, Leadership Spotlight: Leading At-Risk Employees - Law Enforcement and the Addiction Crisis, Forensic Spotlight: Digital Forensic Examination - A Case Study, Leadership Spotlight: Leading By Addressing the Cyber Threat, Community Outreach Spotlight: Friday Night Lights, Leadership Spotlight: The Responsibilities of Command, Officer Survival Spotlight: The 4,000-Pound Bullet, Leadership Spotlight: Importance of the Little Things, Community Outreach Spotlight: P.L.A.Y. As such, it is a central component to the Second Amendment right to bear arms to include the protection of ones home, self, family, and property, a right protected from infringement by the federal government, as well as from the states. 0000003423 00000 n
Few people would be surprised to see field agents of the Border Patrol, FBI, U.S. ! Glock G43X. Leadership Spotlight: I Should Have Eaten More Ice Cream! However, any restrictions that appear so restrictive as to circumvent this individual right to bear arms likely will be deemed unconstitutional. Police say Eric. 9. Good luck. These included: * The Library of Congress Police ceased operation in 2009 when its duties were assumed by the U.S. Capitol Police. Installations regulate who can carry weapons on base in accordance with DoD Directive 5210.56, the Defense Department policy that restricts that permission only to law enforcement and security personnel, those guarding prisoners, and those undergoing firearms training. Longley, Robert. at 926C (c)(4).41 Id. From 2004 to 2008, the number of federal law enforcement officers with arrest and firearms authority grew by 14%, or about 15,000 officers. Circuit Court reversed the district courts decision, holding that an individual has a right under the Second Amendment to possess firearms and that the citys gun laws infringed upon that right. Exception-Active duty military police, criminal investigators, and Marine Corps law enforcement program police officers may conceal carry personally owned weapons while on base while off-duty as long as they comply with the 2016 Department of Defense Directive, title "Arming and the Use of Force". However, agencies with such a policy and officers working within these agencies should seek guidance and clarification in regard to the legality of such policies. Qualified officers must be aware of the laws of the state in which they are carrying concealed weapons, satisfy qualification standards, and carry proper identification. at 926C(d)(1).44 Id. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. 0000004092 00000 n
149 25
was the first federal regulation of private firearms).7 Id. II.3 Id.4 In 1875, the U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542, dismissed an indictment for two individuals charged with denying freemen their Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for a lawful purpose. The Court advised that citizens must look to the states police power for protection against other parties infringing upon their right to bear arms as the amendment wording shall not be infringedmeans no more than it shall not be infringed by Congress, and has no other effect than to restrict the powers of the national government. The Court concluded that under the laws of the United States there were no applicable federal charges in the indictment. LEOSA also is premised on the notion that officers are vulnerable off duty. "I don't think soldiers should have concealed weapons on base," he said. You can check with your local base to see whether it has a rule allowing this type of use. This challenge was rejected and Heller appealed. People generally recognize law enforcement officers by their marked cruisers and uniforms, which include the display of symbols of authoritya badge and a gun. The Personally Procured Move (PPM): Steps to Take, Everything You Need to Know About Your Personally Procured Move (PPM), Air Mobility Command Removes Tail Numbers and Unit Info from Planes, Alarming Watchdogs, All Combat-Injured Vets Would Keep Their Full Retirement, Disability Pay Under Proposal, Better Housing, Health Care, Pay and a Call for National Service Needed to Buoy Recruitment, Enlisted Chiefs Say, 2 Commanders Among 6 Fired from Jobs at Minot Air Force Base, Veterans' Emergency Room Bills Could Get Repaid by VA Thanks to Change, The Pentagon Is Behind on Issuing Policy to Allow Cadets Who Have Kids to Remain at Service Academies, Paris Davis, Black Green Beret in Vietnam, Finally Awarded Medal of Honor at White House, Ex-Army Private Gets 45 Years for Plot Against His Unit, IAVA Names New CEO, First Woman to Lead the Post-9/11 Veterans Organization, Why Purported Cross-Border Attack Ups Ante in Ukraine War, That guidance can be found in a DoD directive, Service Members Get Special Rental and Eviction Protection, The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act - SCRA, Ohio Guard Quietly Removed Guardsman Guilty of Making Ghost Guns Last Year, Some Neck and Hand Tattoos OK for Airmen and Guardians Under New Policy Aimed at Helping Recruiting, Nuclear Base Fired 6 Service Members Over Failed Safety Inspection, Defense Official Says, Hawaii Congressional Delegation Asks IRS to Exempt Red Hill Families, Navy Seabee Battalion Honored in Decommissioning Ceremony, Is Deactivated After 80 Years of Building and Fighting, Navy Investigating 3 Instances of 'Hate Symbols' Aboard Destroyer, Health Net Protests $65.1 Billion Tricare Contract Award, Tricare Dental Program to Expand Choice of Carriers Under New Law, Veterans Group Pushes Cap on Attorney Fees in Camp Lejeune Water Cases Despite Political Divide on Limits, Disabled Vets Post Stunning Job Gains as Economy Remains Hot Despite Inflation, Marine Corps Axes Elite Scout Sniper Platoons, Coast Guard Relieves Commander Following Deadly Collision, Coast Guard Swimmer Recounts Dramatic Rescue of Alleged Oregon Yacht Thief and Goonies Prankster, Coast Guard Gulf of Mexico Rescue to Be Chronicled in Survival Thriller Movie, Celebrated Pearl Harbor Survivor Jack Holder Lived Large for Those Who Didn't Make It, 'Dead Space' Remake Gets Everything Right, Army Veteran Wayne Shorter Was a Titan of Jazz. Leadership Spotlight: Fishing for Inspiration, Leadership Spotlight: Foundations of Leadership and Followership, Forensic Spotlight: Paint and Plastic Evidence Analysis in a Drug Possession Case, Crimes Against Children Spotlight: Parental Kidnapping - Using Social Media to Assist in Apprehending Suspects and Recovering Victims, Leadership Spotlight: Overestimating Yourself, Leadership Spotlight: Creating Extraordinary Moments, Forensic Spotlight: Next Generation Identification, Forensic Spotlight: Altered Fingerprints - A Challenge to Law Enforcement Identification Efforts. Police Can't Return Pentagon Gear. at 926B(a) and 926C(a).47 Id. 0000029185 00000 n
0000002324 00000 n
At the Cabinet department level, component agencies of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including U.S. Customs and Border Protection, employed about 55,000 officers or 46% of all federal officers with arrest and firearms authority in 2008. Before you involve yourself in an off-duty incident, it is imperative that you have a game plan in place. As the District of Columbia is a federal enclave and not a state, the decision only impacts the federal government. Leadership Spotlight: Self-Centered Leadership, Leadership Spotlight: Making Officers' Lives Better, Crimes Against Children Spotlight: Child Abductions - Known Relationships are the Greater Danger, Leadership Spotlight: Leadership Legacies - Reflections on Retiring, Leadership Spotlight: Tuesdays with Terry, Leadership Spotlight: Candor - A Risk You Can Afford to Take, Safeguard Spotlight: Ingesting Poison - Adapting to Exposure to Child Pornography, Leadership Spotlight: Learning from Failure, Crimes Against Children Spotlight: Child Abduction Rapid Deployment (CARD) Team, Leadership Spotlight: Leadership Tunnel Vision, Leadership Spotlight: Discovering Inspiration, Crimes Against Children Spotlight: The Neighborhood Canvass and Child Abduction Investigations, Leadership Spotlight: Count Your Blessings, Safeguard Spotlight: Mentoring and Support, Leadership Spotlight: Determined Leadership, Leadership Spotlight: Change Can Be a Slippery Slope, Leadership Spotlight: Falling Prey to Posturing. at 926C(d)(2)(A) and (B).45 Id. Program, Leadership Spotlight: Helium vs. Leadership Spotlight: You Cannot Lead from Behind Your Desk, Leadership Spotlight: Believe in Your Own Leadership, Leadership Spotlight: Build Bridges, Not Dams - Performance Evaluations, Officer Survival Spotlight: Lessons Learned from Critical Encounters, Leadership Spotlight: Emotional Triggers in Decision Making, Officer Survival Spotlight: Wide-Reaching Benefits of Law Enforcement Training, Officer Survival Spotlight: National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, Leadership Spotlight: Lunchtime Learning Seminars - Benefits and Steps to Get Started, Officer Survival Spotlight: Speed and Seatbelts, Leadership Spotlight: Humility - A Leadership Trait That Gets Results, Officer Survival Spotlight: Officer Perception and Assault Prevention, Leadership Spotlight: The Legacy of a Leader, Officer Survival Spotlight: By the Numbers - Turning LEOKA Data into Training Opportunities, Officer Survival Spotlight: Much More Than a Job - Creating a Lasting Tribute. We already covered this. You should check with your local base to learn rules specific to that installation. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/firearms-and-arrest-authority-federal-agencies-3321279. So it depends on what you mean by carry. Check with your local base for information on their use of that policy. In 2016, President Donald Trump suggested that troops should be permitted to carry concealed weapons on base. 74k for DC starting is not bad at allunless you owe some serious debt. That guidance can be found in a DoD . According to the Court, the issue is whether the particular Bill of Rights guarantee is fundamental to our scheme of ordered liberty and system of justice15 or, in other words, deeply rooted in this Nations history and tradition.16 The Court stated that its decision in Heller17 was clear on this point. 0
Leadership Spotlight: Where is Your Bottom Line? The Court reversed the court of appeals and remanded the case for further proceedings. Most users ever online was 158,966 at 05:57 AM on 01-16-2021. Leadership Spotlight: Are You an Effective Leader? at 926C (c)(5).42 Id. Helicopter, Community Outreach Spotlight: Cops and Clergy Breakfast, Leadership Spotlight: Information Output vs. Movers also are blocked by regulation from shipping ammunition. LEOSA allows qualified officers to protect themselves, their families, and the community by being armed while off duty. Through LEOSA, Congress reacted to this new age of terrorism, accepting the fact that America never has faced a greater need to have additional watchful eyes on the streets of its cities, towns, and rural areas. However, the USDAis just one of 73 federal government agencies employing full-time law enforcement officers who are authorized to carry firearms and make arrests in the United States. Two people were shot dead by an off-duty Pentagon Force Protection Agency police officer who thought he saw the pair stealing a car early Wednesday morning, police in Maryland said in a statement.. Pentagon policy allows contractors to carry weapons on base for their official duties and in limited off-duty instances as long as they meet certain criteria. If the relief is denied, the act allows for judicial review of the denial.24. LEOSA exempts qualified officers from state laws limiting or prohibiting the carrying of concealed weapons.46 However, LEOSA does not supersede state laws permitting private property owners from limiting or prohibiting the carrying of concealed weapons on their property.47 This would include public bars, private clubs, and places, such as amusement parks. ThoughtCo. Individuals who have separated or retired from the military still must have had the same law enforcement experience and be in good standing with the service branch issuing the LEOSA license. Forensic Spotlight: A New Investigative Biometric Service - The National Palm Print System, Leadership Spotlight: The Carver and the Planter, Officer Survival Spotlight: Foot Pursuits - Keeping Officers Safe, Leadership Spotlight: Value of Compassion. 926 (B) and (C).31 All 50 states exempt their own on-duty police officers from statutes governing the right to carry concealed weapons. In order to carry their firearms off-duty into public places, law enforcement officers must: (1) carry their agency's identification card; (2) carry only a weapon issued or approved by their respective agency; (3) be sober and not drinking alcohol while carrying; and (4) be an active-duty law enforcement officer and Carrying a weapon off duty has been a lively topic of discussion for decades. More than a few eyebrows were raised in 2010 when the U.S. Department of Agriculture bought 85 semi-automatic submachine guns. Leadership Spotlight: What Skills Can We Learn? 0000003500 00000 n
LEOSA allows qualified officers to protect themselves, their families, and the community by being armed while off duty. So far, the Air Force is the only service making headway in contracting out applicationsto get licenses under LEOSA for service members who are actively serving military members under Title 10 and Title 32, as well as separated or retired membersas long as they meetthe requirements and are cleared by both the Air Force and the contractor, Defense Consulting Services. California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Nevada, New York, Oregon, Vermont, and Wyoming allow carry-concealed permits or rights for retired officers.32 Title 18 U.S.C. To carry off-duty or not to carry off-duty. CLEARED FOR DUTY. Metro Transit Police Department, Washington, D.C. Campbell County, Kentucky, Police Department, Jefferson County, Colorado, Sheriff's Office, Columbia County, Oregon, Sheriff's Department, Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, New Providence, New Jersey, Police Department, El Paso County, Texas, Sheriffs Department, Dorchester County, Maryland, Sheriffs Office, Anoka County, Minnesota, Sheriffs Office, Wake Forest, North Carolina, Police Department, Georgetown, Massachusetts, Police Department, Sunapee, New Hampshire, Police Department, Virginia Division of Capitol Police, Richmond, Virginia, German Township (Montgomery County), Ohio, Police Department, Cle Elum-Roslyn-South Cle Elum, Washington, Police Department, Powder Springs, Georgia, Police Department, Lower Salford Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Oregon Department of Public Safety Standards and Training, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, Police Department, Fairfield, Connecticut, Police Department, Clearwater County, Minnesota, Sheriffs Office, Baltimore County, Maryland, Sheriffs Office, Bradford, New Hampshire, Police Department, Hickory, North Carolina, Police Department, Somerville, Massachusetts, Police Department, New College of Florida and University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee Campus Police, Central Arizona Project Protective Services Department, Summit County, Colorado, Sheriff's Department, Springfield Township (Montgomery County), Pennsylvania, Police Department, Columbia Heights, Minnesota, Police Department, Macomb County, Michigan, Sheriff's Office, Asheboro, North Carolina, Police Department, Henrico County, Virginia, Sheriff's Office, Apache Junction, Arizona, Police Department, Bowling Green, Kentucky, Police Department, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Clackamas County, Oregon, Sheriff's Office, National City, California, Police Department, Lacey Township, New Jersey, Police Department, Hennepin County, Minnesota, Sheriffs Office, Middletown, Connecticut, Police Department, Cottonwood, Alabama, Department of Public Safety, Edenton, North Carolina, Police Department, Wakefield, Massachusetts, Police Department, Piscataquis County, Maine, Sheriffs Office, Fernandina Beach, Florida, Police Department, Hermitage, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Houston, Texas, Memorial Villages Police Department, Woodbridge, Connecticut, Police Department, Bordentown Township, New Jersey, Police Department, Chowan County, North Carolina, Sheriffs Office, Las Vegas, Nevada, Metropolitan Police Department, Carroll, New Hampshire, Police Department, Boxford, Massachusetts, Police Department, Marshall County, Kentucky, Sheriffs Department, Elmira Heights, New York, Police Department, North Providence, Rhode Island, Police Department, Oakdale Borough, Pennsylvania, Police Department, LaSalle County, Illinois, Sheriff's Department, University of Connecticut Police Department, Minnetrista, Minnesota, Police Department, Manchester-by-the Sea, Massachusetts, Police Department, Durham, North Carolina, Police Department, Providence, Rhode Island, Police Department, Flagler Beach, Florida, Police Department, Upper Southampton Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Moraine Valley Community College Police Department, Gasconade County, Missouri, Sheriff's Department, Town of New Windsor, New York, Police Department, Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska, Sheriffs Office, Cornwall Borough, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Public Schools Police Department, Fayette County, Georgia, Marshal's Office, Prince William County, Virginia, Police Department, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Police Department, Ambridge, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Santa Barbara, California, Police Department, Jefferson County, Missouri, Sheriffs Department, Manalapan Township, New Jersey, Police Department, Mount Morris, New York, Police Department, Shrewsbury, New Jersey, Police Department, North Syracuse, New York, Police Department, Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, Police Department, Quogue Village, New York, Police Department, Glencoe, Illinois, Department of Public Safety, Morgan Hill, California, Police Department, James City County, Virginia, Police Department, Southern Pines, North Carolina, Police Department, Stratford, Connecticut, Police Department, Ector County, Texas, Independent School District Police Department, Penn Hills, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Chilmark, Massachusetts, Police Department, St. Johns County, Florida, Sheriffs Office, Patton Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Onondaga County, New York, Sheriffs Office. Russia has declared that a group of saboteurs from Ukraine crossed into its territory and attacked border villages, a raid Copyright 2023 Military.com. 1 Title 18 U.S.C. That list includes semi-automatic "assault" weapons, machine guns, short-barrel shotguns, short-barrel rifles and silencers. 151 0 obj<>stream
HMo0s,z=mTC%8Y5 uV
V(u5T][kGHR
2:'Z *ArJTNC`\Ick,tu}%4UWA6HTE It shocks me to hear of officers who don't carry off duty or who don't even own an off-duty firearm. Some agencies don't mind and actually encourage you to carry your duty weapon off the clock, PFPA isn't one of them. The acts definition of firearms does not include machine guns, silencers, or explosive or destructive devices.45, State Limitations on Carrying in Certain Locations. The Court continued along this trail of precedent that the Second Amendment limits only the federal government when it upheld a state prohibition against participation in an unauthorized militia in the 1886 case Presser v. Illinois,116 U.S. 252 (1886). On July 22, 2004, President George W. Bush signed into law H.R. Effective Communication. Marshals Service, or the Secret Service carrying guns and making arrests. Be sure to get the latest news about the military, as well as critical info about how to join and all the benefits of service. 2.4.50 See Title 18 U.S.C. That is roughly the equivalent of 40 officers per 100,000 U.S. residents. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. 0000006611 00000 n
That guidance can be found in a DoD directive. Community Outreach Spotlight: Team G.R.E.A.T. Leadership Spotlight: Feedback and Emotional Intelligence, Social Media Spotlight: A Small Act of Kindness Makes a Global Impact, Community Outreach Spotlight: Gaming with a Cop, Forensic Spotlight: Innovative Latent Print Processing, Officer Wellness Spotlight: Benefits of Mindfulness, Leadership Spotlight: Importance of Suicide Awareness, Community Outreach Spotlight: Lunch and Learn, Leadership Spotlight: Drawing Your Own Conclusions, Community Outreach Spotlight: Fresno Fight Girls, Leadership Spotlight: Patience in Development, Forensic Spotlight: Dowsing for Human Remains Considerations for Investigators. NYfYL"TeXu@1~_-PILd'\F}*eU_"H'pZ@e|O"ADJKq)K2$ at 926B(b)(1) and 926C(b)(1).48 Id. 0000001822 00000 n
Aside from the obvious suitability issues raised by the underlying conduct engaged in by the applicant or officer, which should be considered by the agency, Hayes may impact hiring and retaining officers by law enforcement agencies. <<3dda788b1c9b9e419555a76c4a61199c>]>>
U.S. at 179-80.10 128 S. Ct. 2783 (2008).11 Id. jack senior golf world ranking . Become a Military.com member for free and receive customized updates delivered straight to your inbox. Frank Crowder, president of Defense Consulting Services, told Military Times that the Air Force has issued about 1,500 LEOSA credentials to its active, Guard and Reserve membersand retired or separated members,and since December, more than 8,000 accounts have been created by individuals looking to apply for the credentials. As with the prohibited-possessor status created by the Lautenberg Amendment, the provision in the Brady statute also could impact the ability of an officer to carry a firearm. In Hayes, police officers responded to a 911 call of domestic violence. "Firearms and Arrest Authority of U.S. Federal Agencies." LEOSA also is premised on the notion that officers are vulnerable off duty. Citing the Second Amendment, Heller filed suit in federal district court challenging the citys gun laws. If the conviction is set aside, it does not automatically mean that the prohibited-possessor status also is set aside. The Pentagon has not provided any public updates or said when the formal policy will be issued. However, the Court did note that the Second Amendment does not allow an unfettered right to possess all kinds of firearms or permit all persons to possess them. 216 members and 39698 guests. +359 821 128 218 | oxford place tampa palms hoa The Court declared that an inherent right to self-defense is central to the Second Amendment and that a total ban on an entire class of firearms essentially serving as Americans first choice for self-defense of the home, where the need for defense of self, family, and property is most acute is an impermissible infringement upon ones right to keep and bear arms.11 The Court clarified, however, that this right is not absolute. Over the years, much debate has centered on whether the right referred to in the Second Amendment is an individual or a state right.4. %%EOF
Qualified officers may not carry concealed weapons onto aircraft under the act. The guard escorted me to . There are currently 39914 users online. If this is your first visit be sure to check out the frequently asked questions by clicking here. They also provide an instantaneous, no-cost benefit to the country by simply allowing trustworthy officers to carry concealed weapons while off-duty. To qualify to carry a concealed weapon, service members must be actively serving in law enforcement or have 10 or more years' experience in law enforcement. Criminals sometimes target them, as well as their families, for harm; these individuals also know that off-duty officers may be unarmed. Hayes then entered a conditional guilty plea and appealed the denial. Leadership Spotlight: Congratulations, Graduate! LEOSA, as noted above, does not confer a right to bear arms. 0000000016 00000 n
The complete list includes: From 2004 to 2008, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) added more than 9,000 officers, the largest increase at any federal agency. DOD sent us the regulations. You Have 90 Percent More Learning to Do! In recent opinions, the U.S. Supreme Court has clarified what previously was unclear for hundreds of years, that the Second Amendment does confer a right to bear arms for purposes of self-defense in the home, subject to reasonable restrictions. (1) permit private persons or entities to prohibit or restrict the possession of concealed firearms on their property; or (2) prohibit or restrict the possession of firearms on any State or local government property, installation, building, base, or park. 3. Agencies of the Department of Justice (DOJ) employed 33.1% of all officers, followed by other executive branch agencies (12.3%), the judicial branch (4.0%), the independent agencies (3.6%), and the legislative branch (1.5%). 925 (a)(1).30 Title 18 U.S.C. Ammo for off-duty guns ranged from 9mm to .40 S&W to .45 ACP. Some jurisdictions outlaw the open display and carrying of firearms; however, LEOSA does not allow officers to carry firearms other than concealed. Along with training they may have received in the military or other law enforcement agencies, most federal law enforcement officers are required to complete training at one of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) facilities.